The effectiveness of technologies without autumn tillage

Ural Federal Agrarian Research University “Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Central Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Belinsky str., 112a, 620142, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation

^* Corresponding author: kniish@ketovo.zaural.ru

Abstract

The article shows the yield of spring soft wheat in different technologies in the absence of autumn tillage. Technologies differ in the place of wheat in crop rotation and the use of fertilizers. Soil tillage in experiment No. 1 in a four-field grain-fallow crop rotation and on permanent wheat is zero. In experiment No. 2, stubble was left in autumn on long (24 yields) repeated wheat crops, where the soil loosens only when sown with a seeder SKP-2,1 with a cultivator-type coulter. With zero tillage with the removal of crops from fallow, the yield from 1,7 t/ha in the 1st field in the following crops decreased by 1,31-1,44 times, against the background of fertilizer in 1,08-1,12. Permanent sowing of wheat on stubble, compared with the yield of fallow, reduced grain harvest on backgrounds N0 and N40 by 1,60 and 1,42 times. Yield of 2,5 t/ha were obtained in the 1st field after fallow only in a favorable year, as in the following field. Due to fertilizer N40 in such a year, grain harvest increased in three crops of the crop rotation to 2,7-3,0-3,3 t/ha in up to 2,9 t/ha of permanent wheat. The formation of a high yield of wheat by fallow was facilitated by the preservation of the number of productive stems at an average level of 291 pieces per 1 m², whereas on other backgrounds there were 274-265 and 243 with permanent cultivation. The number of grains in the ear was of great importance, which reached 18,1-20,2 pieces in fallow with 14-15 in other technologies.