Interaction Mechanisms Between Marine Sponges (Porifera) and Microplastics: A Bioecological Overview

¹ Graduate Student at Marine Science Study Program, Graduate School, IPB University Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
² Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
³ Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Science. IPB University. Kampus IPB Baranang Siang, Bogor 16144. Indonesia
⁴ Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: npzamani@gmail.com (NPZ); meutiais@apps.ipb.ac.id (MSI)

Abstract

Microplastics, plastic particles measuring less than 5 mm, have become one of the main pollutants in marine ecosystems, with significant impacts on marine organisms, including sponges. The filter-feeding capacity of marine sponges allows not only the intake of nutrients but also the unintentional uptake of microplastic (MP) particles. This may lead to physiological disturbances, cellular stress, and altered ecological interactions with their environment. However, the extent to which sponges interact with microplastic contamination remains largely unobserved and poorly understood. This study aims to explore the bioecological response of marine sponges to microplastic contamination. This study is a reflection of the literature with the This study used Systematic Review method using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines to examine the interaction between marine sponges (Porifera) and microplastics. Data sources were obtained from the Scopus database. The search was conducted using the keywords "sponge" and "microplastics". which includes inclusive and exclusive criteria. Inclusion criteria for articles: 1) availability of complete libraries; 2) discussion of sponge interactions with microplastics; 3) articles from 2014-2025. Exclusion criteria are: Exclusion criteria are: 1) theses, books, observation articles, final assignments, review papers. The synthesis results show that sponges have a significant capacity to capture and store microplastics, making them an important component in the study of micropollutant dynamics in the marine environment.