Open Access
Table 3.
Agronomic, environmental, social and economic assessment of biodynamic innovative systems.
| Biodynamic sites | CHAT | ING | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | |
| Yield (comparing to PDO average) | − 12% | − 1% | − 54% | 8% |
| Fungi damage –Botrytis cinerea on cluster at harvest | − 100% | − 100% | − 82% | − 100% |
| (comparing to regional year damage) | ||||
| total TFI (comparing to regional average) | − 88% | − 89% | − 54% | − 69% |
| Copper use (comparing to regional average use) | − 80% | − 75% | − 97% | − 94% |
| Social (comparing to system without innovation) | + 34% | – | 0% | – |
| Economic (comparing to system without innovation) | + 37% | – | + 41% | – |
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