Issue |
BIO Web Conf.
Volume 56, 2023
43rd World Congress of Vine and Wine
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 01034 | |
Number of page(s) | 9 | |
Section | Viticulture | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20235601034 | |
Published online | 24 February 2023 |
Compostaje de residuos vitivinícolas. Avanzando hacia una industria circular
Compost of vitiviniculture residues. Closing the loop of the wine industry
1
Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule,
Avda. San Miguel
3605,
Talca, Chile
2
Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule,
Avda. San Miguel
3605,
Talca, Chile
3
Viña Concha y Toro S.A, Center for Research and Innovation,
Fundo Pocoa s/n, Km10 Ruta K-650,
Pencahue, Chile
4
Emiliana Organic Vineyards, Research and Innovation,
Nueva Tajamar 481,
Las Condes, Chile
En una vitivinicultura circular, mediante el compostaje de materia orgánica, se conservan los nutrientes, la estructura y la diversidad del suelo del viñedo, y se valorizan los residuos industriales. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue optimizar la eficiencia y calidad de la producción de compost. En un proyecto colaborativo entre 3 bodegas, se evaluó un compostaje de volteo tradicional en conjunto con una tecnología de cubierta permeable, sustratos alternativos como residuos de tomate y manzana, así como estiércol y urea como fuente adicional de nitrógeno, y además el efecto de organismos comerciales como aceleradores del compostaje de residuos vitivinícolas. El uso de una cubierta permeable redujo el requerimiento de agua en un 17%. La adición de orujo de manzana y tomate generó un compost más estable y rico en N, en comparación con los sistemas que utilizan solo orujo. La aplicación de estiércol avícola y urea aumentó principalmente en el contenido respectivo de P y N. La inoculación adicional con microorganismos comerciales no generó diferencias en el compost. En cuanto a las poblaciones de microorganismos naturales, no se encontraron diferencias entre los tratamientos en bacterias beneficiosas fijadoras de nitrógeno como Nitrospira y Nitrosomas.
Abstract
In a circular vitiviniculture, by composting organic materials, nutrients, structure and diversity of the vineyard soil are preserved, and industrial waste is valorized. The objective of this work was to optimize the efficiency and quality of compost production. In a collaborative project among 3 wineries, a traditional turning composting was evaluated in conjunction with a permeable cover technology, alternative substrates such as tomato and apple residues, as well as manure and urea as an additional source of nitrogen, and furthermore the effect of commercial organisms in the composting of wine residues were assessed. The use of permeable cover reduced the water requirement by 17%. The addition of apple and tomato pomace generated significant positive differences in pH and N content, and led to significantly more stable compost compared to systems using only wine pomace. The application of manure and urea increased mainly in the respective content of P and N. Additional inoculation with commercial microorganisms did not lead to differences in the compost. Regarding the populations of natural microorganisms, no differences were found among the treatments in beneficial nitrogen fixing bacteria such as Nitrospira and Nitrosomas.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2023
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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