Issue |
BIO Web Conf.
Volume 56, 2023
43rd World Congress of Vine and Wine
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 03016 | |
Number of page(s) | 5 | |
Section | Economy and Law | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20235603016 | |
Published online | 24 February 2023 |
Vitivinicultura patrimonial frente al cambio climático, desafíos y oportunidades
Patrimonial viticulture facing climate change, challenges and opportunities
Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Chile
La vitivinicultura tradicional de secano en Chile se basa principalmente en la variedad País, siendo posible encontrar viñedos centenarios en diversas zonas. Si bien en los inicios de la viticultura nacional esta variedad fue la predominante, en la actualidad se encuentra relegada a los sectores de secano, es cultivada casi exclusivamente por pequeños productores y se destina en su mayoría a la elaboración de vinos a granel, obteniéndose bajos precios tanto por su uva como por su vino.
El análisis de datos climáticos, en las zonas de producción de la variedad País, muestran que, en las últimas seis décadas, la precipitación ha disminuido en más de un 20%, se han incrementado los días con temperaturas sobre 30 y 35°C y se han intensificado las heladas primaverales. Al evaluar el efecto del alza de temperatura, mediante la utilización de un sistema de estructuras de policarbonato que permiten un calentamiento pasivo, se observaron los efectos sobre el crecimiento de brotes y bayas, la fisiología de la planta y la calidad de uvas. En general los efectos observados frente a un alza de temperatura son menos severos que en otras variedades. Aunque esto puede explicarse desde distintas miradas, se reafirma la rusticidad y aptitud de esta variedad para las condiciones de secano.
Abstract
Traditional dryland viticulture in Chile is mainly based on the País variety, and it is possible to find centuries-old vineyards in various areas. Although from the beginning of national viticulture this variety was the predominant variety in Chile, it is currently relegated to dryland sectors, it is cultivated almost exclusively by small producers and destined mostly for the production of bulk wines. The prices paid, both for the grape and for its wine, are the lowest in the market.
The analysis of climatic data, in the production areas of the País variety, shows that, in the last six decades, precipitation has decreased by more than 20% with respect to the average value, the days with temperatures above 30 and 35°C and spring frosts have intensified. When evaluating the effect of the rise in temperature, by an average of 2°C, through the use of a system of polycarbonate structures that allow passive heating, were observed the effects on the growth of shoots and berries, the physiology of the plant and the quality of grapes. In general, the effects observed against a rise in temperature are les severe in relation to other varieties. Although this can be explained from different points of view, the hardiness and aptitude of this variety for dry conditions is reaffirmed.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2023
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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