Comparative assessment of the genotypes of oats of domestic and foreign breeding to the toxic effect of aluminum ions

Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Northern Trans-Urals – branch of the Federal Research Center of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Burlaki Str., 2, vil. Moskovsky, Tyumen district, 625501, Tyumen region, Russia

^* Corresponding author: gen.i72@mail.ru

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to identify the genetic resistance to the toxic effects of aluminum ions in oat genotypes for the targeted selection of aluminum-resistant varieties. The work was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of genomic research in crop production of the Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, a branch of the Tyumen Scientific Research Center SB RAS in 2024. The research object were oat species: Avena sativa L., A. abyssinica L., A. strigosa L., A. byzantina L. The research is based on changes in the growth of plant roots during the phase of early ontogenesis (the first 7 days) under the action of aluminum ions. Aqueous solutions of aluminum sulfate were prepared at a concentration of 1.5; 3.0; 5.0 g/l with concomitant measurement of the acidity level (pH). Distilled water was used as a control. The most resistant to the toxic manifestation of aluminum ions at concentrations of 1.5 and 3.0 g/l in solution was the Tobolyak variety (k-15827), which belongs to the species Avena sativa L. The root length index was 57 and 20%, respectively (root length 89±1.8 and 32±0.9 mm). Aluminum-resistance in the variant with a maximum concentration (5.0 g/l) of Al³⁺ in solution is noted in oat genotypes Raduzhny (A. sativa L., k-15887) and Mestny (A. strigosa L., k-5200) root length index reached 10% relative to the control. The oat genotypes belonging to the species Avena abyssinica L. were unstable to the effects of aluminum ions. (Mestny k-4971 and k-5075). At an aluminum ion concentration of 3.0 g/l, the genotype of Avena byzantina L. (Haruabusa k-14873) was the least resistant to stress – the root length index was 11% relative to the control. The mathematical dependence of the root length of oat sprouts correlated (R²=1) with the concentration of Al³⁺ in solution was also determined, expressed by the following regression equation: y=5,32x²-48,4x+117,34 where y is the index of the root length of seven-day oat seedlings, mm; x is the concentration of aluminum ions, g/l.