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All issues Volume 26 (2020) BIO Web Conf., 26 (2020) 00054 Full HTML
Open Access
Issue
BIO Web Conf.
Volume 26, 2020
First International Scientific-Practical Conference “Actual Issues of Physical Education and Innovation in Sports” (PES 2020)
Article Number 00054
Number of page(s) 6
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202600054
Published online 06 November 2020

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020

Licence Creative CommonsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1 Introduction

The Federal target program “Development of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation for 2016-2020» put forward the main goal of “creating conditions that allow citizens to engage in physical culture and sports, and improving the effectiveness of training athletes in high-performance sports” [1, p. 1]. The main priority of the economic and social policy of the Federal program is to promote the standard of a healthy lifestyle, as well as to attract people to systematic physical education and sports in order to improve health.

An assessment of effectiveness from realization this program is a qualitative indicator. The economic effect of attracting the population to physical culture and sports shows reducing the number of days due to temporary disability of people. The increase in this indicator reflects positive achievements in the Federal program realization.

This program provides experimental developments and research for civil purposes [1, 2] to ensure the methodological development of the physical culture and sports organization. This task can be completed only if the scientific and experimental base is developed. On the basis of it the necessary conditions for the qualitative education will be formed.

The last changes in Russia make it necessary to seriously re-evaluate the role of physical culture for the entire population of the country.

Today students have to spend most of their time improving professional skills. It leads to a high emotional and informational load. In this situation, physical activity takes a back seat. The student often forgets the importance of a reasonable combination of work and rest. The universal use of computer and information technologies in work, training and leisure leads to a decrease in physical activity and problems with the musculoskeletal system [3].

The current difficult situation in the world with the spread of the COVID 2019 virus affected all people on earth without exception. According to statistics in Russia on 04.05.2020, 145452 people fell ill with coronavirus. The death rate was 0.94%. Statistics of coronavirus infection cases in Russia are presented in Table 1 [4].

The coronavirus infection changed many of our habits and way of life. People who lead a healthy lifestyle are baffled how to behave in times of isolation and pandemics? Do I need to train during a pandemic? How do training sessions affect a person’s immune system in response to a viral disease? How and how much can I train during a pandemic? What type of physical activity should I prefer?

Scientists proved that physical training can affect the immune system of the human body [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 etc.].

A Grand experiment conducted in 1998 by scientists from Hong Kong on 24,656 Chinese adults showed that light training 3 times a week can reduce the risk of death by the Hong Kong flu. The same time, people, who do not exercise or train very much (over 5 workouts per week), are most at risk of death [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 etc.].

Lyudmila Alimbarova, a leading researcher at the Gamalei Federal research center for epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Ministry of health, claims that research on the impact of physical activity on the possibility of Contracting influenza viruses has been conducted in Russia since the 1970s. The press service of the Ministry of health quotes her words: “The results of research show that the level of physical activity affects a person’s resistance to infection. Those who do not play sports and are inactive in life are more likely to be infected with respiratory diseases. The same effect was observed in those who exercise excessively with heavy loads and long recovery. The same athletes and Amateurs who exercise regularly and with a moderate degree of exercise showed an extremely low incidence of respiratory infections compared to the previous two groups” [21].

Researches conducted by American medical scientists in 2009 and 2015 in laboratory conditions on mice proved “that regular moderate exercise before infection has an anti-inflammatory effect in the local focus of infection”, reduces the severity of the disease and viral load [22, 23].

What if you don’t exercise regularly? Will the beginning of physical activity have a positive effect on the immune system? The answers to these questions were also obtained experimentally in mice. As a result of the research, scientists concluded that during the incubation period (the time between infection with the flu and the manifestation of its symptoms), moderate physical training for 20-30 minutes a day increases the chance of survival. The experiment showed that the number of surviving mice receiving physical activity for 20-30 minutes daily during the incubation period was 82%. While the number of surviving “sedentary” mice was 43%, the number of surviving mice that performed intense physical activity for 2.5 hours a day was 30% [24, 25].

An interesting research was conducted among football players and athletes who specialize in cross-country. Strong training of these athletes led to a decrease of immunoglobulin level in the blood (IgA). Immunoglobulin (IgA) is an antibody (protein compounds of blood plasma) of the immune system. In response to the damaging effects of various antigens: microbes, viruses, bacteria, etc., antibodies bind to pathogenic microorganisms, block their reproduction and neutralize the toxic effect. Thus, immunoglobulins create the body’s immune defense (humoral immunity). IgA is also closely related to upper respiratory tract infections. When the level of immunoglobulin in the body decreases, the number (frequency) of diseases increases. Experimental studies on the example of football players showed that during the lowest level of immunoglobulin in the blood, the most pronounced symptoms of infection were manifested. This was indirect evidence that excessive physical activity without adequate recovery makes the human body more vulnerable to virus attacks [26].

Exercise helps ease the course of the disease in people infected with coronavirus, as researchers at the American University of Virginia Graduate school of medicine confirm. We are talking about patients who are officially diagnosed with pneumonia. It developed against the background of infection. Scientists found that regular physical activity aimed at strengthening the cardiovascular system reduces the likelihood of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (lung damage). It is deadly to humans. This complication occurs in 20-40% of those infected with coronavirus infection and in 50% of cases leads to death. Experts note that during physical training, the human body naturally produces an antioxidant-extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD). It reduces the likelihood of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome. In this regard, scientists recommend that every day for 30 minutes to pay attention to cardio training – walking, running, aerobics, cycling [27, 28, 29, etc.].

This information made us take a new look at the content of physical education classes, taking into account the distance learning students.

Table 1.

Statistics of coronavirus infection cases in Russia

2 Materials and Methods

The paper presents:

  • General theoretical research methods-psychological and pedagogical analysis, sociological, reference and encyclopedic, valeological, normative and program documentation;

  • empirical research methods-pedagogical experiment, pedagogical observation, questionnaire, survey, conversations, generalization of pedagogical experience, assessment of the psycho-emotional state, analysis of students ’ activities;

  • mathematical and statistical methods of processing materials of experimental work (quantitative and qualitative analysis of research results).

The experimental study was conducted in Russia, at Omsk State Pedagogical University with 1st-year students studying at various faculties of the University. The number of participants in the experiment was 54 students. The study was conducted during the period of distance learning of students associated with the outbreak of coronavirus infection in the country from March to July 2020.

Purpose: substantiation, development and experimental verification of software for remote physical education classes for students.

Object: the process of students physical education during distance learning associated with an outbreak of viral infection.

The subject is the content of remote physical education classes for students.

For the full organization of students physical training in the framework of the discipline, each teacher must:

  • know the material of the taught discipline in the scope of program requirements;

  • master the methodology of preparation and provision of practical classes;

  • conduct consultations within the course of practical training [30].

Physical education classes in a remote format set the task for teachers: to continue the educational process within the educational program of the University, to support and preserve the health of students, their immune system, improving their health, activity, and mood. Based on our previous experimental data, we can offer practical recommendations for independent physical training to students in the period of isolation and pandemic, as well as to people who lead a healthy lifestyle.

3 Results and Discussion

We developed the content of independent physical education classes at the University [3]. Students ’ distance learning was conducted at home. It was built on the basis of the previously developed content of classes (Fig. 1).

We offered students a video set of moderate-load exercises for 35-50 minutes. Then students were doused with cool or cold water. For each class, various complexes were offered that were not repeated throughout the semester. And if today’s class was a yoga complex, then the next students were engaged in stretching, pilates, and so on. Each set included breathing exercises. Students made the tempering procedures at will, with absolute health [31]. Taking into account the difficult psychological atmosphere of 4 months of isolation, students were recommended to perform selfregulation exercises from self-training for 10-15 minutes during the day or before going to bed [3].

thumbnail Fig. 1.

Content of students’ remote classes in physical culture

4 Conclusions

A variety of complexes and directions contributed to the development of students ’ health and physical qualities, motivated interest in physical education, expanded knowledge in the field of physical culture, and introduced them to a healthy lifestyle.

The “well-being, activity, mood” test [32] showed significant improvements in the emotional state of first-year students. The results of changes in the emotional state of first-year students (n = 54) before and after physical training and cold water dousing are presented in Table 2.

Table 2.

Results of changes in the emotional state of first-year students before and after physical training and cold water dousing

References

All Tables

Table 1.

Statistics of coronavirus infection cases in Russia

In the text
Table 2.

Results of changes in the emotional state of first-year students before and after physical training and cold water dousing

In the text

All Figures

thumbnail Fig. 1.

Content of students’ remote classes in physical culture
In the text

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